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25.05.20
<languages/> {{Use British English}} [[File:The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg|alt=<translate><!--T:1--> A view of the Earth taken from outer space</translate>|thumb|<translate><!--T:2--> This photo of our world is called ''The Blue Marble''.</translate>|300x300px]] <translate> <!--T:3--> Our '''world''' is a planet where human beings have formed many societies. <!--T:4--> Nobody knows whether there are intelligent beings on other worlds.</translate> <translate> <!--T:5--> There are about one septillion (10<sup>24</sup>) worlds in the universe. <!--T:6--> Authors sometimes invent new worlds.</translate> <translate> <!--T:7--> They use these worlds as the settings for their stories.</translate> <translate> <!--T:8--> Some authors invent worlds that have magic. == World literature == <!--T:9--> <!--T:10--> World literature is literature that is read by many [[<tvar|people>Special:MyLanguage/people</>|people]] all over our world.</translate> <translate> <!--T:11--> World literature is different from national literature. </translate> <blockquote> <translate><!--T:12--> I am more and more convinced that poetry is the universal possession of mankind, revealing itself everywhere and at all times in hundreds and hundreds of men. . . .</translate> <translate><!--T:13--> I therefore like to look about me in foreign nations, and advise everyone to do the same.</translate> <translate><!--T:14--> National literature is now a rather unmeaning term; the epoch of world literature is at hand.</translate> – <translate><!--T:15--> Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1827</translate> </blockquote> <translate> == Worlds in literature == <!--T:16--> </translate> [[File:951020 STS73 Columbia launch.jpg|alt=<translate><!--T:17--> A space shuttle in the sky</translate>|thumb|<translate><!--T:18--> Characters in science fiction stories may travel to other worlds</translate>]] <translate> <!--T:19--> Creating a different world is a literary device used by authors to illustrate ideas.</translate> <translate> <!--T:20--> By placing the story in the setting of a different world, the author can change the way that things happen.</translate> <translate> <!--T:21--> For example, the author might imagine a world that has very little water or a world that has very little dry land.</translate> <translate> <!--T:22--> Deciding what a world looks like and how the world works is called ''world-building''.</translate> <translate> <!--T:23--> Thinking about their world helps the author make good choices about what happens to the characters in the story.</translate> <translate> <!--T:24--> Some authors think about many details, such as what [[<tvar|langs>Special:MyLanguage/languages</>|languages]] the characters speak and what the [[<tvar|arch>Special:MyLanguage/architecture</>|architecture]] is on the world. === Worlds in science fiction === <!--T:25--> <!--T:26--> Science fiction stories often use different worlds.</translate> <translate> <!--T:27--> Frank Herbert's famous ''Dune'' series focused on a world called Arrakis, which produced a very rare and very important spice. <!--T:28--> Often a science-fiction story will involve multiple worlds.</translate> <translate> <!--T:29--> The ''Foundation'' series by Isaac Asimov was set in a galaxy with thousands of populated worlds.</translate> <translate> <!--T:30--> Asimov wrote the first books in the 1950s.</translate> <translate> <!--T:31--> In 1982, he published another book, called ''Foundation's Edge'' (ISBN 0385177259).</translate> <translate> <!--T:32--> The Star Wars movies had a several important worlds, and characters traveled between them.</translate> <translate> <!--T:33--> Some authors of science fiction worlds try to make them scrupulously obey the laws of physics. === Fantasy worlds === <!--T:34--> <!--T:35--> Fantasy worlds are fictional worlds that use magic.</translate> <translate> <!--T:36--> This magic may involve saying [[<tvar|magic>Special:MyLanguage/magic words</>|magic words]], using magical objects, or performing [[<tvar|backup>Special:MyLanguage/backup</>|magical rituals]]. </translate> {| class="wikitable" |+<translate><!--T:37--> Examples of fantasy worlds</translate> !<translate><!--T:38--> Author</translate> !<translate><!--T:39--> World</translate> !<translate><!--T:40--> Source</translate> !<translate><!--T:41--> Description</translate> |- |<translate><!--T:42--> J.R.R. Tolkien</translate> |<translate><!--T:43--> Middle Earth</translate> |<translate><!--T:44--> ''The Lord of the Rings'' trilogy</translate> |<translate><!--T:45--> Middle-earth has some qualities similar to Mediæval Europe.</translate> <translate><!--T:46--> The author added magical creatures like elves and wizards.</translate> <translate><!--T:47--> At the end of the story, some magical creatures leave the world.</translate> |- |<translate><!--T:48--> J.R.R. Tolkien</translate> |<translate><!--T:49--> Arda</translate> |<translate><!--T:50--> ''The Silmarillion''</translate> |<translate><!--T:51--> Arda is our world, but in a fictional time.</translate> <translate><!--T:52--> Middle-earth is actually a continent of the world.</translate> |- |<translate><!--T:53--> C. S. Lewis </translate> |<translate><!--T:54--> Narnia</translate> |<translate><!--T:55--> ''The Chronicles of Narnia'' series</translate> |<translate><!--T:56--> The whole world is named after the principal country, Narnia.</translate> <translate><!--T:57--> It features a powerful lion, an evil witch, giants, dragons, and some magical devices.</translate> <translate><!--T:58--> This world is flat.</translate> |- |<translate><!--T:59--> Piers Anthony</translate> |<translate><!--T:60--> Xanth</translate> |<translate><!--T:61--> ''The Magic of Xanth''</translate> |<translate><!--T:62--> This world has many magical things.</translate> <translate><!--T:63--> It is connected to modern America.</translate> <translate><!--T:64--> Each creature in Xanth has a unique magical talent.</translate> <translate><!--T:65--> These talents are usually minor.</translate> <translate><!--T:66--> Translating the book is difficult because of the many silly puns.</translate> <translate><!--T:67--> These make sense in English but not necessarily in other languages.</translate> |} <translate> == Music == <!--T:124--> <!--T:125--> Music is made around the world. <!--T:126--> The music may be a simple song for children, like this: </translate> <score lang="lilypond" vorbis="1"><< \relative c'' { \key g \major \time 6/8 d4 b8 c4 a8 | d4 b8 g4 g8 | a4 b8 c[ b] a | d4 b8 g4. | } \addlyrics { Girls and boys come | out to play, The | moon doth shine _ as | bright as day; | } >></score> <translate> <!--T:127--> The music may be part of a complex symphony.</translate> <translate> <!--T:128--> This score shows part of a famous section of the Symphony No. 9 in D minor by Ludwig van Beethoven: </translate> <score vorbis="1" lang="lilypond"> << \new StaffGroup << \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = #"V1" \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"violin" \relative c'' { \time 4/4 \key d \major \clef treble fis2(_\markup { \dynamic p \italic dolce }^\markup { \italic arco } g4 a) | a4( g fis e) | d2( e4 fis) | fis4.( e8) e2 | } } \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = #"V2" \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"violin" \relative c' { \time 4/4 \key d \major \clef treble fis4( d e fis) | d4.( e8 fis d b cis) | a4 a'2 a4( | a)( e cis8) e( fis g) | } } \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Va" \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"viola" \relative c'' { \time 4/4 \key d \major \clef alto a2( d,) | b4.( cis8 d4) g( | g)( fis e d)( | d)( cis b a) | } } \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Vc" \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"cello" \relative c'' { \time 4/4 \key d \major \clef bass a2( d,) | b4.( cis8 d4) g( | g)( fis e d)( | d)( cis b a) | } } \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Db" \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"contrabass" \relative c { \time 4/4 \key d \major \clef bass d1( | d)( | d4) d( cis b) | a2( a8) g'( fis e) | } } >> >> </score> <translate> == Languages in the world == <!--T:68--> <!--T:69--> The Egyptians used pictures to write their language.</translate> <translate> <!--T:70--> The pictures are called hieroglyphics.</translate> <translate> <!--T:71--> This is what they look like: </translate> <!-- Hieroglyphics are shown as PNG images on wiki. Not all wikis support hieroglyphics. --> <hiero> A1-B2-D4-E5 </hiero><hiero> F6 p*p*p:t*t*t </hiero> <translate> <!--T:72--> Once upon a time, Greek and Latin were spoken by most traders in the Western world.</translate> <translate> <!--T:73--> Before then, traders learned the languages of nearby cities.</translate> <translate> <!--T:74--> Ancient traders did not travel around the world. <!--T:75--> Some languages are spoken in many parts of the world. These are called ''world languages''. As of 2015, English is the most common world language. Previously, French was the most popular language in the West. Chinese was used by traders in all of East Asia for centuries. Arabic is common in the Middle East, Northern Africa, and other parts of the world. == World health == <!--T:76--> </translate> {{Sidebar|content1 = World Health Organisation|content2 = International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|content3 = Médecins Sans Frontières|title = International health organisations|image = [[File:Esclapius stick 1 coloured.svg|30px]]}} <translate> <!--T:77--> The World Health Organisation (French: <tvar|1><span lang="fr" dir="ltr">Organisation mondiale de la santé</span></>) is an international organisation for public health.</translate><ref name="Kluwer Law book">Burci, Gian Luca; Vignes, Claude-Henri (2004). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Xou_nD9jJF0C ''World Health Organization'']. Kluwer Law International. ISBN 9789041122735. Pages 15–20.</ref> <translate> <!--T:79--> It is part of the United Nations. The World Health Organisation began in 1948.</translate><ref name="Kluwer Law book" /> <translate> <!--T:80--> Its goal is for everyone in the world to be healthy and safe. It studies public health and tells governments and other organisations how to help people become healthy. <!--T:81--> The organisation counts the number of people with health problems. These health problems include influenza, HIV infection, and depression. It also counts the number of people who have other problems, such as dirty water, hunger, and violence. <!--T:82--> Mental health is also important.</translate><ref>{{Cite journal|title = Mortality in mental disorders and global disease burden implications: a systematic review and meta-analysis|url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25671328|journal = JAMA psychiatry|date = 2015-04-01|issn = 2168-6238|pmc = 4461039|pmid = 25671328|pages = 334-341|volume = 72|issue = 4|doi = 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2502|first = Elizabeth Reisinger|last = Walker|first2 = Robin E.|last2 = McGee|first3 = Benjamin G.|last3 = Druss}} {{Open access}}</ref> <translate> <!--T:83--> People with mental health problems such as depression often die ten years early. <!--T:84--> The World Bank is also interested in health.</translate><ref>{{Cite journal|title = Essential surgery: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition|url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25662414|journal = Lancet (London, England)|date = 2015-05-30|issn = 1474-547X|pmid = 25662414|pages = 2209-2219|volume = 385|issue = 9983|doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60091-5|first = Charles N.|last = Mock|first2 = Peter|last2 = Donkor|first3 = Atul|last3 = Gawande|first4 = Dean T.|last4 = Jamison|first5 = Margaret E.|last5 = Kruk|first6 = Haile T.|last6 = Debas}}</ref> <translate> <!--T:85--> Poor health affects the economy of a country. == Poetry == <!--T:86--> <!--T:87--> This poem by John Donne mentions the world: </translate> <poem> <translate><!--T:88--> Her death hath taught us dearly that thou art Corrupt and mortal in thy purest part. Let no man say, the world itself being dead, 'Tis labour lost to have discovered The world's infirmities, since there is none Alive to study this dissection; For there's a kind of world remaining still, Though she which did inanimate and fill The world, be gone...</translate> </poem> <translate> <!--T:89--> The entire poem can be [[<tvar|anatomy>s:An Anatomy of the World—The First Anniversery</>|read at Wikisource]]. == Shape of our world == <!--T:90--> <!--T:91--> Our world is not a perfect sphere. It is slightly flattened. <!--T:92--> The mathematical formula for measuring the flatness of a sphere is </translate> <math display="block">\begin{align} f&=\frac{a-b}{a}. \end{align} </math> <translate><!--T:149--> For our world, <tvar|f><math display="inline">f\,\!</math></> is approximately 0.3%. The Moon is rounder. For the Moon, <tvar|f><math display="inline">f\,\!</math></> is approximately 0.1%. Jupiter is flatter. For Jupiter, <tvar|f><math display="inline">f\,\!</math></> is approximately 6.5%. == Local planets == <!--T:93--> <!--T:94--> Our world is a planet. There are several types of planets in the Solar System: </translate> * <translate><!--T:95--> Terrestrial planets</translate> * <translate><!--T:96--> Giant planets</translate> ** <translate><!--T:97--> Gas giants</translate> ** <translate><!--T:98--> Ice giants</translate> * <translate><!--T:129--> Dwarf planets</translate> <translate> <!--T:99--> These are the known planets in the Solar System and some of their natural satellites: </translate> * <translate><!--T:100--> Four terrestrial planets</translate> *# <translate><!--T:101--> Mercury</translate> *# <translate><!--T:102--> Venus</translate> *# <translate><!--T:103--> Earth</translate> *#* <translate><!--T:104--> One satellite, called the Moon</translate> *# <translate><!--T:105--> Mars</translate> *#* <translate><!--T:130--> Two satellites, called Phobos and Deimos</translate> * <translate><!--T:131--> One dwarf planet in the asteroids belt</translate> *# <translate><!--T:132--> Ceres</translate> * <translate><!--T:106--> Two gas giants</translate> *# <translate><!--T:107--> Jupiter</translate> *#* <translate><!--T:108--> Four large satellites, called ''Io'', ''Europa'', ''Ganymede'' and ''Callisto''</translate> *#* <translate><!--T:109--> 75 other known satellites</translate> *# <translate><!--T:110--> Saturn</translate> *#* <translate><!--T:111--> 62 known satellites. Some are very small.</translate> *#* <translate><!--T:112--> Seven are large. The largest, called ''Titan'', is larger than the planet Mercury and it is the second largest known natural satellite in the Solar System.</translate> * <translate><!--T:113--> Two ice giants</translate> *# <translate><!--T:114--> Uranus</translate> *#* <translate><!--T:115--> Five large satellites</translate> *#* <translate><!--T:116--> 22 other known satellites</translate> *# <translate><!--T:117--> Neptune</translate> *#* <translate><!--T:118--> One large satellite, called ''Triton''</translate> *#* <translate><!--T:133--> 13 other known satellites</translate> * <translate><!--T:134--> Four dwarf planets in the Kuiper belt</translate> *# <translate><!--T:135--> Pluto</translate> *#* <translate><!--T:136--> Five satellites, called ''Charon'', ''Nix'', ''Hydra'', ''Kerberos'' and ''Styx''</translate> *# <translate><!--T:137--> Haumea</translate> *# <translate><!--T:138--> Makemake</translate> *# <translate><!--T:139--> Eris</translate> <translate> == Gallery == <!--T:119--> </translate> <gallery caption="<translate><!--T:140--> Local planets (not to scale)</translate>"> File:Reprocessed Mariner 10 image of Mercury.jpg|<translate><!--T:141--> Mercury</translate> File:Venus globe.jpg|<translate><!--T:142--> Venus</translate> File:North America from low orbiting satellite Suomi NPP.jpg|<translate><!--T:143--> Earth</translate> File:Mars 23 aug 2003 hubble.jpg|<translate><!--T:144--> Mars</translate> File:Jupiter New Horizons.jpg|<translate><!--T:145--> Jupiter</translate> File:Saturn during Equinox.jpg|<translate><!--T:146--> Saturn</translate> File:Uranus2.jpg|<translate><!--T:147--> Uranus</translate> File:Neptune Full.jpg|<translate><!--T:148--> Neptune</translate> </gallery> <translate> == Footnotes == <!--T:120--> </translate> <references /> <translate> == External links == <!--T:121--> </translate> * <translate><!--T:122--> [<tvar|exlink>https://www.example.com</> Example link] – an external link to example.com</translate> * <translate><!--T:123--> [<tvar|exlink2>https://www.example.com</>] – an external link without a label</translate> [[Category:Documentation{{#translation:}}]] [[Category:VisualEditor{{#translation:}}]]
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